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                          | THE THREE
                                PERIODS IN CHRONO HISTORY |  
                          | A)
                                Until 1968Only hand timing is official.
 B)
                                From 1972Also electric timing is official. A second world
                              list is created for "electric" records in all
                              running events up to 400 metres.
 C)
                                From 1977Only electric timing is official. Hand timed lists
                              are no longer updated.
 Particular
                                features of 1968-1971 periodThe new electric lists open with the best result ante-1972.
                              The best mark in Men's 100 metres is 9.95 by
                              Mexico City's (1968) Olympic winner Jim Hines.
                              Electric timing was semi-official and 9.95 is only
                              the reconversion of the official 9.9. It's
                              interesting to point out that this mark was
                              already registrated as a world record in hand
                              timed official list. So it appears twice! What
                              happens from 1972 on? No hand timed record is
                              anylonger reconverted.
 Particular
                                features  of the period 1972-1976Both lists are official, for it happens that in
                              the same event two athletes are both world record
                              holders, the first in hand list and the second in
                              electric list (men's 100 metres: Steve Williams
                              and Jim Hines). Furthermore, some athletes,
                              especially between 1973 and 1975, ran only hand
                              timed races; just for that they didn't break any
                              electric record.
 |  
 WHO SCORED MORE RECORDS
                        BY AGE?This is the last part of my
                      research. After writing records chronology, I counted
                      records made by every athletes and ranked athletes with
                      more records by age. I took into account all
                      athletes active in 1976 and following years. So, for
                      example, Willie Davenport (active 1963-1978) is there,
                      Ralph Boston (active 1959-1972) is not there. I had some problems with
                      speed races (100-200 metres and 110 hurdles). There's a
                      real case which explains them all: Poland's Irena
                      Szewinska (1964-1980).  Her records strip on 100
                      metres with electric timing is as follows: 
                      
                        
                          | 8  | Irena Szewinska  | 1946-  | 22 26 27 28 29 30
                              31 32 33  |  Capture: 8 is the number of
                      records she broke in her career; after her name and her
                      birth year I wrote the ages of her 8 records. In 1972 Irena was 26 years old. What about her before? We
                      have to look at her hand timed performances:
 
                      
                        
                          | 6  | Irena Szewinska hand
                                timing  | 1946-  | 19 21 22 27 28 30  |  (I didn't count her beaten
                      records because after 1976 hand timed lists were no longer
                      updated) Let's put them together and
                      have a look: 
                      
                        
                          | 6  | Irena Szewinska hand
                                timing  | 19 | 21 | 22  |  | 27 | 28 |  | 30 |  |  |  |  
                          | 8  | Irena Szewinska  |  |  | 22  | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 |  Something matches and
                      something doesn't. Matching ages: 22, 27, 28
                      and 30 years. Szewinska was the first both in hand and in
                      electric list. Not matching ages: 
                        Records at 19 and 21 years of age, scored when
                        electric chrono wasn't official. So Szewinska could
                          not score any electric records at that age.This
                        means Szewinska holds two more records by age: 19 years
                        (1965) and 21 years (1967);   Records at more than 30 years of age, that is scored
                        after 1976, when hand timing was set apart for
                        good in official races. It's simple up to this point, I
                        suppose. Here comes the hardest part:  Records at 26 (1972) and 29 years (1975). What has
                        happened? Szewinska scored a new record only in electric
                        list.  Irena Szewinska did 11.33
                      in 1972 at 26, thus setting a new age record. But at the
                      same age, in 1970 Chi Cheng (Taiwan, 1944) ran 11.0 hand
                      timed. What am I to do? Who's the age record owner? I
                      thought to apply IAAF rule which says that, to compare
                      hand timing and electric timing on 100 metres, 0.24
                      seconds have to be added to hand timing. Adding 0.24 to
                      11.0 I have 11.24, which is still better than Szewinska's
                      11.33. Thus I take off the record to Szewinska and
                      assigned it to Chi Cheng (the Taiwanese held this record
                      until 1976, when Annegret Richter of FRG did 11.01 and
                      10.8). I applied the same rule on 1975 record: Szewinska did
                      11.23 at 29 (new record by age). Three years before Eva
                      Gleskova for Tchekoslovakia did 11.0 hand timed. After
                      IAAF rule the record, this time, was Szewinska's.
 Now, let's have a look
                      again about Szewinska's records strips: 
                      
                        
                          |  | 1 | 2 | 3 |   | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |  |  
                          | Irena Szewinska hand timing
                             | 19 | 21 | 22 |   | 27 | 28 |   | 30 |   |   |   | 6 |  
                          | Irena Szewinska  |   |   | 22 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 8 |  "26" is red to show that
                        it's not a record by age.  Now I can number all
                      Szewinska's records on 100 metres. They are 10. As you can
                      see from the first left column (6 and 8) neither electric
                      table nor hand table, alone, are enough: number 10 emerges
                      only from their comparison. Greg Foster vs. Rodney
                      MilburnI said Irena Szewinska's
                      story explains all problems I met during my research about
                      the period 1972-1976. It's not just like that. A last case
                      happened to hurdler Greg Foster, who ran 13.28 in 1979,
                      setting the age record at 21 (he bettered a 13.42 of
                      1968). I forgot on the contrary that before, in
                      1971, Rodney Milburn marked 13.0, so Foster didn't improve
                      Milburn's record. I didn't think about one fact: a post-1977
                      record can be cancelled by a hand timed record ante-1977,
                      also if from 1977 hand chrono is no longer official. To come to an end, here's
                      an award to those who managed to follow me to this point:
                      the list of all cases similar to Szewinska vs. Chi Cheng
                      and Szewinska vs. Gleskova. Have fun and decide whom the
                      record has to be awarded to! Issues |